| This problem demonstrates the adaptation capabilities of HyperXtrude. Here we solve laminar, incompressible fluid flow through a channel with sudden expansion. The widths of the channel inlet and outlet sections are one and two units, respectively. The length of the channel is six units. The sudden expansion is located two units downstream from the inlet. The Reynolds number of 60 is based on the maximum inlet velocity and inlet width. A fully developed, parabolic velocity is specified at the inlet and zero tractions are specified at the exit. No slip boundary conditions for velocity are specified at the solid wall. A zero reference pressure is specified at the exit. | 
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| The initial mesh consists of 10 bilinear elements and 18 nodes. First, the program computed a solution for this coarse mesh. Next a series of refined meshes are used to compute accurate solutions. For each converged flow solution starting with the initial coarse mesh, the solution error indicators are computed and the mesh is automatically adapted in the regions where the normalized solution error is larger than the specified value. | 
210 Elements; 221 hp-dof's |
| The mesh adaptation involves both reducing the element size and/or increasing its polynomial order. The adapted mesh for the final step is shown here. The element refinement (subdivision) and enrichment (increasing the polynomial order) are anisotropic. The enriched edges are shown in different colors. Red lines indicate element edges of second order ,and blue lines denote cubic polynomials. The adapted mesh has 210 elements and 221 nodes. | 
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| The velocity distribution plot and the path lines show a recirculating region downstream of the expansion. The results show the effectiveness of the adaptive method in capturing the features of flow accurately by automatically adating the mesh. This capability is very useful when modeling complex fluid flow and heat transfer problems by reducing/eliminating several meshing-analysis-remesh-analysis cycles. | 
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